Biological Objects at the Organizational Level of Life

BiologyRead - The object of biological study is growing along with the progress of science and technology (science and technology) so that more and more and more complicated to study.

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To make it easier to learn, the objects of biological studies are sorted out according to the organizational level of life. The successive levels of the organization of life range from the smallest to the largest: molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, individuals, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and biosphere.

1. Biological Objects at Molecular Level

With the invention of an electron microscope capable of enlarging observational objects up to 500,000 times, scientists can expose the complexities of living organizations to the molecular level. Using modern chemical tools and technologies, the structure inside the cell can be separated into macromolecules even into atoms.

In general, the organism's body contains molecules composed of carbon atoms (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (0), and nitrogen (N). The types of molecules contained in the body of the organism, among others, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids.

2. Biological Objects at the Cell Level

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Organic molecules form organelles of cells, then organelles of cells with their function each form a cell.

Cells are the smallest living units of living things. Cells have organelles with certain functions, such as cell nuclei (nucleus) to regulate cell metabolism, mitochondria for cellular respiration, lysosomes for cell digestive organs, and ribosomes for protein synthesis.

3. Biological Objects at Network, Organ and System Levels

The organization of network-level life occurs only in multicellular organisms (multicellular). In unicellular organisms, there is no organizational life at the network level because its life activity is regulated and implemented by the cell itself.

The life activity of multicellular organisms is carried out by many well-organized cells in a single functional unit.

A network is a collection of cells that have the same shape and perform certain functions. Examples of tissue in high plants, namely epidermis, palisade, sponge, sclerenkim, xylem, phloem, cambium, and cork. Examples of tissue in animals of high levels and humans, namely fat, bone, blood, lymph (lymph nodes), muscles, and nerves.

An organ is a collection of several kinds of networks that perform a particular function. Examples of organs in high-level plants, namely roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Examples of organs in animals and humans, including the heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, ears, and nose.

Organ systems are some organs that perform certain functions. Examples of organ systems in high-level animals and humans, namely the circulatory system, food digestion system, excretory system, reproductive system, and coordination system. 

Organ systems are formed by several organs, such as the digestive system of food, consisting of oral organs, esophagus, stomach, and intestine.

4. Biological Objects at the Level of Individuals, Populations, and Communities

The individual is a single living thing. For example, a coconut tree, an ant, and a human being.

The population is a collection of individuals from one species that interacts and lives in a particular region. For example, a collection of coconut trees in a garden and a number of ants living in a hole in a tree.

The community is a collection of populations of various species that interact and live in certain areas. For example, all living organisms in a rice field consist of plant populations of rice, insects, snakes, birds, mice, and Ants.

5. Biological Objects at Ecosystem, Biome, and Biosphere Levels

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Ecosystem  is the organizational level of life that encompasses organisms with their abiotic environment that interact or interrelate between them. Components of organisms in the ecosystem, including humans, animals, plants, bacteria, fungi, algae, and others. The organisms are intertwined in the relationship of food webs (eating and eating).

The role of an organism within an ecosystem can be as a producer (producer of food), consumer (consumer), or decomposer (decomposer). Abiotic environmental components can be water, air, wind, minerals, sunlight, soil, new, temperature, pH, salinity (salinity), topography (Earth surface rise and fall), and others.

Biome is terrestrial ecosystems, generally influenced by regional climates, and classified as a result of dominant vegetation or organisms that can adapt to a particular environment. Bioma covers a very wide area and has a dominant vegetation (plant) characteristic. On the surface of the Earth there are seven kinds of biomes, namely tundra, taiga, desert, grasslands, savannas, tropical rainforests, and deciduous forests.

Biosphere is a layer of Earth in which life exists. The Earth we live in is a biosphere. Biosphere has the main characteristic, a biome that contains oxygen that is needed to support the life of the organism.

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